Glossary entry (derived from question below)
Spanish term or phrase:
el exceso que comete es intensivo
English translation:
the excessive breach he is guilty of; the transgression he is perpetrating is an active one
Added to glossary by
Adrian MM.
Nov 27, 2020 02:31
3 yrs ago
26 viewers *
Spanish term
el exceso que comete es intensivo
Spanish to English
Law/Patents
Law (general)
Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo, España / Administración desleal
From Spain. In a judgment by the Supreme Court (24/6/2008) on the meaning of "administración desleal":
...el administrador desleal del Art. 295 actúa en todo momento como tal administrador y que lo hace dentro de los límites que procedimentalmente se señalan a sus funciones, aunque al hacerlo de modo desleal en beneficio propio o de tercero, disponiendo fraudulentamente de los bienes sociales o contrayendo obligaciones a cargo de la sociedad, venga a causar un perjuicio típico. El exceso que comete es intensivo, en el sentido de que su actuación se mantiene dentro de sus facultades, aunque indebidamente ejercidas".
This refers to the concept of "exceso intensivo" in Spain, which as far as I can tell refers to a form of excess/trangression in self-defense where the means of defense are disproportionate to the threat. In this case, I can't see how self-defense comes into it, as we're essentially talking about embezzling company funds.
There's a definition of "exceso intensivo" (and the related concept "exceso extensivo") here: https://dpej.rae.es/lema/causa-de-justificación-incompleta#:...
I found it translated as "intensive excess"/"extensive excess" here: https://www.peterlang.com/view/9783631772805/html/ch10.xhtml
Chances are there might not be a translation, but I don't think "intensive excess" means much.
This doesn't seem to have come up before and I can't find a translation anywhere. West has nothing to say on this. Any ideas?
...el administrador desleal del Art. 295 actúa en todo momento como tal administrador y que lo hace dentro de los límites que procedimentalmente se señalan a sus funciones, aunque al hacerlo de modo desleal en beneficio propio o de tercero, disponiendo fraudulentamente de los bienes sociales o contrayendo obligaciones a cargo de la sociedad, venga a causar un perjuicio típico. El exceso que comete es intensivo, en el sentido de que su actuación se mantiene dentro de sus facultades, aunque indebidamente ejercidas".
This refers to the concept of "exceso intensivo" in Spain, which as far as I can tell refers to a form of excess/trangression in self-defense where the means of defense are disproportionate to the threat. In this case, I can't see how self-defense comes into it, as we're essentially talking about embezzling company funds.
There's a definition of "exceso intensivo" (and the related concept "exceso extensivo") here: https://dpej.rae.es/lema/causa-de-justificación-incompleta#:...
I found it translated as "intensive excess"/"extensive excess" here: https://www.peterlang.com/view/9783631772805/html/ch10.xhtml
Chances are there might not be a translation, but I don't think "intensive excess" means much.
This doesn't seem to have come up before and I can't find a translation anywhere. West has nothing to say on this. Any ideas?
Proposed translations
(English)
References
| EXCESO INTENSIVO |
Toni Castano
|
Change log
Dec 10, 2020 22:21: Adrian MM. Created KOG entry
Dec 10, 2020 22:23: Adrian MM. changed "Edited KOG entry" from "<a href="/profile/2688125">Adrian MM.'s</a> old entry - "el exceso que comete es intensivo"" to ""the excessive breach he is guilty of ""
Dec 10, 2020 22:25: Adrian MM. changed "Edited KOG entry" from "<a href="/profile/2688125">Adrian MM.'s</a> old entry - "el exceso que comete es intensivo"" to ""the excessive breach he is guilty of ; the transgression he is perpetrating is albeit intra vires""
Proposed translations
9 hrs
Adrian MM.
Austria
Austria
Native in English
Specializes in field
Austria
Retd.T&I, Barrister & Austro-Advokat
Native in: English (Variants: Scottish, British) 
Works in: Spanish to English, English to Spanish, French to English, and 5 more.
Related KudoZ points
:
586
Selected
AmE: the excessive breach he is guilty of amounts to active misfeasance /albeit intra vires /
he is guilty of - or has been indulging in OTT malpractic/se - see the overindulgence translation in the weblink.
Ultra vires breach etc. is routinely used for entities in US Am law: see Barron's US Am law dictionary, but is also usable for company executives, but >en el sentido de que su actuación *se mantiene dentro de sus facultades, aunque indebidamente ejercidas* so 'intra vires' cf. Barron's def. of 'misfeasance' - the doing of a *proper* act in awrongful or injurious manner.
The translation of the excess would also depend on how 'administración desleal' is translated : contrast mal- vs. misfeasance in US-Am. law cf. breach of trust, misappropriation of trust fund & exceso: overrun in West and, in this context, misfeasance proceedings brought by a liquidator or receiver in E&W against ex-officers and directors.
Ultra vires breach etc. is routinely used for entities in US Am law: see Barron's US Am law dictionary, but is also usable for company executives, but >en el sentido de que su actuación *se mantiene dentro de sus facultades, aunque indebidamente ejercidas* so 'intra vires' cf. Barron's def. of 'misfeasance' - the doing of a *proper* act in awrongful or injurious manner.
The translation of the excess would also depend on how 'administración desleal' is translated : contrast mal- vs. misfeasance in US-Am. law cf. breach of trust, misappropriation of trust fund & exceso: overrun in West and, in this context, misfeasance proceedings brought by a liquidator or receiver in E&W against ex-officers and directors.
Example sentence:
S def. Misfeasance is the act of engaging in an action or duty but failing to perform the duty correctly. Misfeasance refers to an action that is unintentional. However, malfeasance is the willful and intentional act of doing harm.
The Am. Law Reg.: All of these are, however, but a natural extension of the idea of active misfeasance.
Note from asker:
| For "administración desleal" I have "misappropriation of trust funds" (West) but also considered (and am still considering) "embezzlement". The jury's still out on this one but I think I could play around with some of the terms you propose here. |
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
Comment: "Thanks to Toni and Adrian for their references and comments. Having decided that "misappropriation (of trust funds)" was the best translation for "administración desleal" here, I combined elements of Adrian's and Toni's input and ultimately went with "The transgression is perpetrated within the scope of the powers of the misappropriating party (exceso intensivo)"; essentially "exceso intensivo" is defined afterwards in the source text, "en el sentido de que...""
8 mins
Steven Huddleston
Mexico
Mexico
Native in Spanish
&
English
Works in field
Mexico
Dual-Native English & Spanish Translator
Native in: English (Variants: US, Canadian, British, UK) , Spanish (Variants: Mexican, Standard-Spain, US, Ecuadorian , Dominican, Latin American, Peruvian, Colombian, Uruguayan, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Argentine, Chilean, Venezuelan, Costa Rican)
Works in: Spanish to English, English to Spanish
Related KudoZ points
:
82
his actions are excessively disproportionate
One possibility, I think.
36 mins
David Hollywood
Native in English
Works in field
worked for int. orgs (IMF, OAS, IDB)
Native in: English
Works in: Spanish to English, German to English
Related KudoZ points
:
1245
he has exceeded his competence/powers
maybe
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Note added at 1 hr (2020-11-27 03:50:33 GMT)
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need the lawyers in on this :)
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Note added at 1 hr (2020-11-27 03:50:33 GMT)
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need the lawyers in on this :)
Reference comments
17 hrs
Toni Castano
Spain
Spain
Native in Spanish
Specializes in field
Spain
PER ASPERA AD ASTRA
Native in: Spanish
Works in: German to Spanish, Spanish to German, English to Spanish, and 5 more.
Related KudoZ points
:
127
Reference:
EXCESO INTENSIVO
Key points here:
1) Distinction between “emblezzement” and “misappropriation”. To put it in simple words, just examine this Wikipedia link.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misappropriation
Misappropriation
In law, misappropriation is the unauthorized use of another's name, likeness, or identity without that person's permission, resulting in harm to that person.
Another use of the word refers to intentional and illegal use of property or funds; it can particularly refer to when done by a public official.
(…)
Differences between misappropriation and embezzlement
Embezzlement is misappropriation when the property or funds involved have been lawfully entrusted to the embezzler. In circumstances where the funds are accessible to, but not entrusted to, the perpetrator, it is not embezzlement but can still be considered larceny, misappropriation, misapplication, or some other similar term.
In this particular case it´s then essential to know if the funds have been lawfuly entrusted (= embezzelement) or not (= misappropriation) to the manager (administrador) who committed the crime. I assume, without being certain on this due to lack of context, that the manager was entrusted with the property, but I´m not sure.
2) Definition of “exceso intensivo”, the key point here. The following link provides an in-depth analysis of the difference between “exceso extensivo” and “exceso intensivo”, the latter pertaining to the context of Joshua´s query.
https://www.rodenasabogados.com/abogado-administracion-desle...
Delitos de administración desleal
Exceso extensivo
El delito de apropiación indebida clásico es un delito contra la propiedad. Supone una disposición de los bienes con carácter definitivo en perjuicio de su titular, cuya administración encomendada supera las facultades de administrador.
Por ejemplo, si el administrador actúa ilícitamente fuera del perímetro competencial de los poderes concedidos-exceso extensivo-estaríamos ante un posible delito de apropiación indebida.
Exceso intensivo
El delito de administración desleal de patrimonio ajeno hace referencia al mero uso abusivo de aquellos bienes en perjuicio de su titular, pero sin pérdida definitiva de los mismos.
Por ejemplo, cuando los administradores ejecutan actos ilícitos en el marco propio de las atribuciones encomendadas, disponiendo fraudulentamente de los bienes sociales o contrayendo obligaciones a cargo de la sociedad, actuando en todo momento como tal administrador y generando beneficio propio o a un tercero.
De hecho, debido a la proximidad entre estos dos delitos e incluso la estafa se establecen las mismas penas con las agravaciones comunes del art. 250 CP de la estafa.
All in all, “exceso intensivo” (= delito de administración desleal), in this case of trust funds, is either embezzlement or misappropriation, but I´m still doubting about what fits better here. The fact that your source mentions “en beneficio propio o de tercero”, which coincides exactly with the definition above (highlighted in bold, “generando beneficio propio o a un tercero”), has made me change my mind and believe now that “exceso intensivo” seems to be closer to misappropriation that to embezzlement.
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Note added at 18 hrs (2020-11-27 20:32:53 GMT)
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(...)
y generando beneficio propio o a un tercero.
Now it´s correctly highlighted :-)
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Note added at 1 day 7 hrs (2020-11-28 09:58:31 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Correction:
(...) seems to be closer to misappropriation thaN to embezzlement.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 day 16 hrs (2020-11-28 19:10:56 GMT)
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Joshua, thanks for your feedback. No, no new postings from me are needed now. I feel the situation has become clear now and this is what KudoZ should be about (translators helping translators). Remember. “exceso intensivo” = delito de administración desleal.
1) Distinction between “emblezzement” and “misappropriation”. To put it in simple words, just examine this Wikipedia link.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misappropriation
Misappropriation
In law, misappropriation is the unauthorized use of another's name, likeness, or identity without that person's permission, resulting in harm to that person.
Another use of the word refers to intentional and illegal use of property or funds; it can particularly refer to when done by a public official.
(…)
Differences between misappropriation and embezzlement
Embezzlement is misappropriation when the property or funds involved have been lawfully entrusted to the embezzler. In circumstances where the funds are accessible to, but not entrusted to, the perpetrator, it is not embezzlement but can still be considered larceny, misappropriation, misapplication, or some other similar term.
In this particular case it´s then essential to know if the funds have been lawfuly entrusted (= embezzelement) or not (= misappropriation) to the manager (administrador) who committed the crime. I assume, without being certain on this due to lack of context, that the manager was entrusted with the property, but I´m not sure.
2) Definition of “exceso intensivo”, the key point here. The following link provides an in-depth analysis of the difference between “exceso extensivo” and “exceso intensivo”, the latter pertaining to the context of Joshua´s query.
https://www.rodenasabogados.com/abogado-administracion-desle...
Delitos de administración desleal
Exceso extensivo
El delito de apropiación indebida clásico es un delito contra la propiedad. Supone una disposición de los bienes con carácter definitivo en perjuicio de su titular, cuya administración encomendada supera las facultades de administrador.
Por ejemplo, si el administrador actúa ilícitamente fuera del perímetro competencial de los poderes concedidos-exceso extensivo-estaríamos ante un posible delito de apropiación indebida.
Exceso intensivo
El delito de administración desleal de patrimonio ajeno hace referencia al mero uso abusivo de aquellos bienes en perjuicio de su titular, pero sin pérdida definitiva de los mismos.
Por ejemplo, cuando los administradores ejecutan actos ilícitos en el marco propio de las atribuciones encomendadas, disponiendo fraudulentamente de los bienes sociales o contrayendo obligaciones a cargo de la sociedad, actuando en todo momento como tal administrador y generando beneficio propio o a un tercero.
De hecho, debido a la proximidad entre estos dos delitos e incluso la estafa se establecen las mismas penas con las agravaciones comunes del art. 250 CP de la estafa.
All in all, “exceso intensivo” (= delito de administración desleal), in this case of trust funds, is either embezzlement or misappropriation, but I´m still doubting about what fits better here. The fact that your source mentions “en beneficio propio o de tercero”, which coincides exactly with the definition above (highlighted in bold, “generando beneficio propio o a un tercero”), has made me change my mind and believe now that “exceso intensivo” seems to be closer to misappropriation that to embezzlement.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 18 hrs (2020-11-27 20:32:53 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
(...)
y generando beneficio propio o a un tercero.
Now it´s correctly highlighted :-)
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 day 7 hrs (2020-11-28 09:58:31 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Correction:
(...) seems to be closer to misappropriation thaN to embezzlement.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 day 16 hrs (2020-11-28 19:10:56 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Joshua, thanks for your feedback. No, no new postings from me are needed now. I feel the situation has become clear now and this is what KudoZ should be about (translators helping translators). Remember. “exceso intensivo” = delito de administración desleal.
Note from asker:
| Great references. I agree that "misappropriation" is probably better in light of the information you've provided here. In the case at hand, the person allegedly misused his powers to unlawfully gain access to and claim funds held in trust, but which had not actually been entrusted to him but to a third party. Whether or not this case does actually fall under "administración desleal" and "exceso intensivo" is for the courts to decide, but for the purposes of translation, then, I think I'm going to stick with "misappropriation of trust funds" for "administración desleal", and for "exceso intensivo" use something to reflect the definition given in your second reference, distinguishing it from "exceso extensivo". As far as I can tell the main difference is that with "exceso extensivo", the "excessive breach", to reuse Adrian's wording, occurs outside the scope of the powers of the administrador, while "exceso intensivo" occurs within the scope of these powers, but these powers are misused to the detriment of the owner of the funds being misappropriated. For "el exceso que comete es intensivo", perhaps something like "the excessive breach is perpetrated within the scope of the powers of the misappropriating party" - which in the source text is explained by the following part "en el sentido de que su actuación se mantiene dentro de sus facultades", which could probably then be omitted. Anyway, that's where I'm at. If you have any more thoughts, I'd love to hear them, and if you want to have a stab at posting an answer, maybe I can award you some points... |
Discussion
The text I posted is not actually from Art. 252 but rather a judgment by the Supreme Court citing the definition of "administrador desleal" pursuant to Art. 295.
Since the concepts of "exceso intensivo" and "exceso excesivo" can be applied to different crimes, ideally we would need something that doesn't depend on the crime to which they are being applied.
This is in a "querella" so, yes, criminal law.
https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1995-25444
Artículo 252.
1. Serán punibles con las penas del artículo 249 o, en su caso, con las del artículo 250, los que teniendo facultades para administrar un patrimonio ajeno, emanadas de la ley, encomendadas por la autoridad o asumidas mediante un negocio jurídico, las infrinjan excediéndose en el ejercicio de las mismas y, de esa manera, causen un perjuicio al patrimonio administrado.